RESUMO A vinhaça pode ser uma alternativa adequada para melhorar os atributos do solo e aumentar a produtividade das culturas. Este estudo avaliou o efeito da vinhaça fresca e concentrada nos atributos químicos e biológicos do solo e na produtividade da soja, milho e pastagem. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos: T1 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 na semeadura + 40 kg ha-1 K2O na cobertura); T2 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 na semeadura + 2450 L ha-1 de vinhaça fresca em cobertura); T3 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 na semeadura + 190 L ha-1 de vinhaça concentrada em cobertura); T4 (4100 e 2450 L ha-1 de vinhaça fresca na semeadura e cobertura, respectivamente); T5 (315 e 190 L ha-1 de vinhaça concentrada na semeadura e cobertura, respectivamente). Esses tratamentos foram aplicados na cultura da soja em 2017 e 2018. Após a colheita da soja e antes do milho e pastagem em 2018, foram avaliados os atributos químicos e biológicos do solo. A vinhaça aumentou a concentração de carbono e fósforo, enquanto diminuiu o potássio e o enxofre. A vinhaça reduziu a concentração de carbono da biomassa microbiana em 50%, mas aumentou a concentração de nitrogênio na biomassa microbiana em 67%. A atividade da desidrogenase foi maior com a aplicação de vinhaça fresca. A aplicação de vinhaça por dois anos melhora os atributos químicos e biológicos do solo e aumenta a produtividade da soja, do milho e das pastagem.

ABSTRACT Vinasse can be a suitable alternative to improve soil attributes and increase crop yield. This study evaluated the effect of fresh and concentrated vinasse on soil chemical and biological attributes and on the yields of soybean, maize, and pasture. The design was in randomized blocks with four replications and five treatments: T1 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 at sowing + 40 kg ha-1 K2O at topdressing); T2 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 at sowing + 2450 L ha-1 of fresh vinasse at topdressing); T3 (250 kg ha-1 08:28:16 at sowing + 190 L ha-1 of concentrated vinasse at topdressing); T4 (4100 and 2450 L ha-1 of fresh vinasse at sowing and topdressing, respectively); T5 (315 and 190 L ha-1 of concentrated vinasse at sowing and topdressing, respectively). These treatments were applied during the soybean growth in 2017 and 2018. After soybean harvesting and before maize and pasture in 2018, soil chemical and biological attributes were assessed. Vinasse increased the concentrations of carbon and phosphorus, while decreasing those of potassium and sulfur. Vinasse reduced the carbon concentration of the microbial biomass by 50%, but increased the nitrogen concentration of the microbial biomass by 67%. The activity of dehydrogenase was higher with the application of fresh vinasse. Application of vinasse for two years improves soil chemical and biological attributes and increases the yields of soybean, maize, and pasture.

Abstract The assessment of ecosystem functions in Cerrado is important to implement practices of conservation. Recently, a ‘rapid ecosystem function assessment’ (REFA) for measuring ecosystem functions has been proposed and tested as a suitable method. Thus, this study aimed to assess the proxies of ecosystem functions of three physiognomies of Cerrado through REFA. This method was applied in three different preserved physiognomies of Cerrado from Northeastern, Brazil, namely: Campo Graminoide (CG), Cerrado Stricto Sensu (CSS), and Cerradão (CD). All proxies for the selected ecosystem functions differed between sites and seasons. The above- and belowground primary productivity and microbial biomass C were higher in CD than in CSS and CG. The above- and belowground secondary productivity and decomposition were higher and similar in CD and CSS as compared to CG. The principal component analysis explained 89.8% of the data variation and clustered the majority of ecosystem functions with CD, in both seasons and CSS in the wet season. The proxies of ecosystem functions measured through REFA showed differences between the physiognomies of Cerrado. Since each physiognomy of Cerrado presents different plant richness and diversity, and soil conditions, these characteristics contribute to influencing multiple ecosystem functions.

Abstract: Different physiognomies across the Cerrado could influence the microbial C:N:P ratio in the soil since these physiognomies present different abundance and diversity of plant species. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial C:N:P ratio in soil across three different physiognomies of Cerrado in the Northeast, Brazil, namely campo graminóide (dominance of grasses), cerrado stricto sensu (dominance of grasses, shrubs, low trees, and woody stratum), and cerradão (dominance of woody stratum). Campo graminóide was characterized by lower values of total organic C, N, microbial C:P, N:P, and soil C:N. Cerrado stricto sensu presented average values for most of the measured parameters, while cerradão presented higher values of microbial C, N, P, organic C, N and soil C:P and C:N ratios. The principal component analysis showed that the samples grouped according to the sites, with a clear gradient from campo graminóide to cerradão. Therefore, the differences of vegetation across physiognomies of Cerrado influenced the soil microbial C:N:P ratio, where cerradão showed highest microbial C:N:P ratio than soil under campo graminóide.